Bda Library Medline Search Miswak Use in Dentistry

AIM: Herbal mouthwashes, such as persica (Salvadora persica, mint and yarrow extracts) and miswak extract have been shown to decrease gingival inflammation and plaque accumulation. The aim of this study was to compare the antimicrobial activities of persica and miswak extract with the conventional mouthwash chlorhexidine against Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus sanguis, Lactobacillus vulgaris and Candida albicans. BDA LIBRARY MEDLINE SEARCH MISWAK USE IN DENTISTRY To request copies of any of these articles please use one of our request forms. Articles can be emailed or posted for a charge of £2.50 each. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this in vitro study, blood-agar culture (Merk, Germany) was used to grow the streptococcus strains, saburd-dextrose culture (Merk, Germany) was used to grow C. albicans and MRS-agar was used to grow L. vulgaris. Various concentrations of these substances (0.1, 0.05 and 0.025% of miswak extract, 0.1, 0.05, 0.025 and 0.0125% of persica, 0.2, 0.1, 0.05 and 0.025% of chlorhexidine) were added to paper disks, separately, inserted into culture plates and transferred into the incubator. The inhibition zone around each disk was measured after 24 hours and the data was analyzed by the KruskalWallis test. RESULTS: Chlorhexidine possessed antibacterial activity at all concentrations tested. It was more effective than persica and miswak at all concentrations on S. salivarius (p = 0.022 for 0.1%, 0.009 for 0.05 and 0.025%). It had greater effect than the other two tested material on S.sanguis only at concentration 0.01%. Chlorhexidine was the most effective against S.salivarius; persica was the most effective against Lactobacillus (p = 0.005) and the least effective against S. salivarius; and miswak extract was the most effective against S. salivarius and S. sanguis at concentrations 0.1 and 0.05% (p = 0.005) and ineffective against L. vulgaris. None of these mouthwashes were effective against C. albicans. CONCLUSION: This study revealed that chlorhexidine remains the gold standard as an antimicrobial agent, although herbal based mouthwashes do have marginal antimicrobial activities. It is necessary to conduct more clinical and microbiological studies focusing on periodontal pathogens and anaerobic microorganisms. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Mechanical plaque control is the main way for periodontal disease prevention and mouthrinses are used to improve its efficacy. Based on the results of this study, chlorhexidine has the most antibacterial effect and although persica mouthwash and miswak are routinely used in some Asian countries their antibacterial efficacies are suspected. Publication Type Comparative Study. Journal Article. Date Created 20120605 Year of Publication 2012 <7> Unique Identifier 21798329 Status MEDLINE Authors Sofrata A; Brito F; Al-Otaibi M; Gustafsson A. Authors Full Name Brito, Fernanda; Al-Otaibi, Meshari; Gustafsson, Anders. Institution Sofrata,Abier. Periodontology Department, Institute of Odontology, PO Box 4064, S-141 04 Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden. [email protected] Title Short term clinical effect of active and inactive Salvadora persica miswak on dental plaque and gingivitis. Source Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 137(3):1130-4, 2011 Oct 11. Abstract ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Salvadora persica shrub has been used traditionally in folk medicine for different medical condition treatments. The habitual use of Salvadora persica roots (chewing sticks) for dental hygiene is still wildly spread throughout parts of Asia, Africa, and Middle. It is one of the most important species with its reported strong antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral effects. Mechanical removal of dental plaque is regarded as an effective mean of controlling progression of periodontal disease. AIM OF THE STUDY: To evaluate the effect of active and inactive miswak on dental plaque, subgingival microbiota and gingival inflammation in patients with gingivitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this double blinded randomized controlled trial 68 gingivitis patients were randomly assigned to either active or inactive miswak group, and were instructed to use only issued miswaks for oral hygiene during 3 weeks experimental period. Registration of plaque, gingival inflammation, and plaque samples were taken at baseline and on completion of the study. Plaque samples were analyzed by DNA-DNA hybridization technique. RESULTS: Active miswak significantly reduced dental plaque (p = 0.007). There were no differences between active and inactive miswak in reduction of approximal plaque and composition of subgingival microbiota. CONCLUSIONS: Miswak has an overall effect on dental plaque and gingival inflammation scores. Similar results were achieved by active and inactive miswak in difficult to reach areas, indicating miswak has limited chemical effects on this study population. Therefore, miswak can be used as a dental hygiene method in conjunction with interproximal cleaning aides.Copyright 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. Publication Type Journal Article. Randomized Controlled Trial. Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't. Date Created 20111025 Year of Publication 2011 <8> Unique Identifier 21299941 Status MEDLINE BDA LIBRARY MEDLINE SEARCH MISWAK USE IN DENTISTRY To request copies of any of these articles please use one of our request forms. Articles can be emailed or posted for a charge of £2.50 each. Authors El-Tatari A; de Soet JJ; de Gee AJ; Abou Shelib M; van Amerongen WE. Authors Full Name de Soet, J J; de Gee, A J; Abou Shelib, M; van Amerongen, W E. Institution El-Tatari,A. Dept of Cariology, Endodontology and Pedodontology, ACTA. Gustav Mehlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. [email protected] Title Influence of Salvadora persica (miswak) extract on physical and antimicrobial properties of glass ionomer cement. Source European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry: Official Journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry. 12(1):22-5, 2011 Feb. Abstract AIM: To investigate physical and antimicrobial properties of Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC) combined with Salvadora Persica Extract (SPE). METHODS: SPE was added to GIC (Fuji IX) in concentrations of 1%, 2% and 4% w/w. The compressive strength and diametral tensile strength were measured at 1 h, 24 h and 7 days. The antimicrobial effect was tested in agar dilution assay in blood agar plates with Candida albicans, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus salivarius and Actinomyces naeslundii as test organisms. GIC containing 5% chlorhexidine served as positive control. RESULTS: Significant differences were found for the compressive strength and diametral tensile strength as a result of adding SPE to GIC (p<0.05). GIC with 2 or 4 % SPE was significantly weaker than the GIC control, while GIC with 1% SPE was not different from the control. The mean values for the 4% SPE-containing specimens and the GIC control group ranged from 108.7MPa to 141.1MPa for CS and from 8.2MPa to 12.5MPa for DTS. The 1% SPE-containing specimens were not different in physical properties compared to the control GIC specimens; the 2% SPE-containing specimens were statistically slightly less strong (p<0.05), but within an acceptable range. As compared with pure GIC the antimicrobial properties of the SPE-containing specimens were increased significantly (p<0.01). It has been found up to a 2-fold increased inhibition compared to the GIC with increasing concentrations of SPE. For most microorganisms tested the SPE group inhibited less than Chlorhexidine, but significantly better than pure GIC (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: SPE could be a promising natural material as an additive to GICs. Further studies should include in vivo tests and other antimicrobial and physical properties of this combination. Publication Type Journal Article. Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't. Date Created 20110208 Year of Publication 2011 <9> Unique Identifier 18672998 Status MEDLINE Authors Sofrata AH; Claesson RL; Lingstrom PK; Gustafsson AK. Authors Full Name Claesson, Rolf L K; Lingstrom, Peter K; Gustafsson, Anders K. Institution Sofrata,Abier H. Periodontology Department, Institute of Odontology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. abier.sofrataki.se Title Strong antibacterial effect of miswak against oral microorganisms associated with periodontitis and caries. Source Journal of Periodontology. 79(8):1474-9, 2008 Aug. Local Messages THIS JOURNAL IS AVAILABLE IN THE BDA LIBRARY Abstract BACKGROUND: The chewing stick (miswak) is used for oral hygiene in many parts of the world. In addition to the mechanical removal of plaque, an antibacterial effect has been postulated; however, tests of miswak extract from Salvadora persica (Arak) disclosed only low to moderate antibacterial effects. This may be attributable to the extraction process. Our aim was to test in vitro the antibacterial effect of miswak pieces, without extraction, on bacteria implicated in the etiology of periodontitis and caries. METHODS: Miswak pieces were standardized by size and weight (0.07 and 0.14 g) and tested against Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (previously Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans), Porphyromonas gingivalis, and, as a reference, Haemophilus influenzae. The miswak pieces were tested in two ways: embedded in the agar plate or suspended above the agar plate. RESULTS: The inhibitory effect was most pronounced on P. gingivalis, A. actinomycetemcomitans, and H. influenzae, less on S. mutans, and least on L. acidophilus. Suspended miswak had comparable or stronger effects than miswak embedded in agar. The 0.14-g suspended miswak exhibited significantly greater inhibition on A. actinomycetemcomitans and H. influenzae than the 0.14-g miswak embedded in agar (P<0.01 and P<0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Miswak embedded in agar or suspended above the agar plate had strong antibacterial effects against all bacteria tested. The antibacterial effect of suspended miswak pieces suggests the presence of volatile active antibacterial compounds. Publication Type Comparative Study. Journal Article. Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't. BDA LIBRARY MEDLINE SEARCH MISWAK USE IN DENTISTRY To request copies of any of these articles please use one of our request forms. Articles can be emailed or posted for a charge of £2.50 each. Date Created 20080804 Year of Publication 2008 <10> Unique Identifier 17823507 Status MEDLINE Authors Sofrata A; Lingstrom P; Baljoon M; Gustafsson A. Authors Full Name Lingstrom, P; Baljoon, M; Gustafsson, A. Institution Sofrata,A. Department of Periodontology, Institute of Odontology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. [email protected] Title The effect of miswak extract on plaque pH. An in vivo study. Source Caries Research. 41(6):451-4, 2007. Local Messages THIS JOURNAL IS AVAILABLE IN THE BDA LIBRARY Abstract The aim of this study was to document changes in plaque pH when an acidic challenge was followed by rinsing with miswak extract (Salvadora persica), and to evaluate the effect of miswak rinse on parotid gland secretion rate. Plaque pH was measured in 3-day-old plaque using the microtouch electrode. Rinsing with miswak extract, compared with water rinsing, resulted in protracted elevation of plaque pH (>6.0). The difference in plaque pH between miswak extract and water rinse was statistically significant at 30 min (p < 0.001). Rinsing with miswak extract stimulated parotid gland secretion (p < 0.01). In conclusion, miswak extract raised the plaque pH, suggesting a potential role in caries prevention.Copyright (c) 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel Publication Type Journal Article. Randomized Controlled Trial. Date Created 20071123 Year of Publication